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Spectator events at colleges and universities are symbolic of American life, and there is no event more iconic than college football games. The campus, the crowds, and the media are all elements that make campus events a target for a terrorist attack. In December 2011 a Campus Security Focus Group of experienced university police leaders convened to identify promising practices for providing… (read more)

The FBI is committed to ensuring victims receive the rights they are entitled to and the assistance they need to cope with crime. Their resources include an Office for Victim Assistance (OVA) at FBI Headquarters and victim specialists nationwide. The OVA is responsible for ensuring that victims of crimes investigated by the FBI are afforded the opportunity to receive the services and notification… (read more)

This document is focused on identifying strategies that contribute to preventing, not predicting, incidents of targeted violence that result in mass casualty events. It is the result of a multi-agency collaborative conference held at Quantico, Virginia, in August of 2013. Seven promising avenues for prevention that emerged from this effort: 1) Prepare preparation is essential - a mass… (read more)

This guide is the culmination of nearly two years of work following a 2015 gathering of multidisciplinary experts and the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit. The purpose of this gathering was to discuss solutions to reduce attacks such as mass shootings and other forms of targeted violence including stalking, terrorism, or ambush attacks on law enforcement. This publication represents the results of… (read more)

Internet-based social networking sites have created a revolution in social connectivity. However, con artists, criminals, and other dishonest actors are exploiting this capability for nefarious purposes. There are primarily two tactics used to exploit online social networks. In practice, they are often combined. Those tactics are: computer savvy hackers who specialize in writing and manipulating… (read more)

This article offers threat assessment and management strategies to address the increased demands faced by campus law enforcement, mental health, and administration officials who assess and manage threats, perhaps several simultaneously.

This report provides an assessment of 272 incidents of violence that affected institutions of higher education (IHE) in the United States between 1909 and 2008. The report offers perspectives on key aspects of targeted violence at IHEs and provides a preliminary look at the scope of the issue. The researchers used open-source information to produce this report and as a result the observations and… (read more)

The FBI's objective for this initiative was to examine specific behaviors that may precede an attack and which might be useful in identifying, assessing, and managing those who may be on a pathway to deadly violence. By articulating the concrete, observable pre-attack behaviors of many active shooters, the FBI hopes to make these warning signs more visible and easily identifiable. This… (read more)

In 2014, the FBI initiated a study of active shooter incidents with the goal to provide federal, state, and local law enforcement with data so they can better understand how to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from these incidents. As a result, the FBI identified 160 active shooter incidents that occurred in the U.S. between 2000 and 2013. The FBI has since published… (read more)

This is an addendum to the FBI's study of active shooter incidents from 2000 to 2013. An analysis of 2014 and 2015 active shooter incidents has identified 20 incidents in each of the years. The methodology to identify incidents is the same as articulated in A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013. To ensure consistency… (read more)

This website is designed to assist in protecting the United States from violent extremism. It was built by the FBI, in consultation with community leaders and other partners, and it uses a series of interactive materials to educate teens on the destructive nature of violent extremism and its messages and goals. The FBI encourages community groups, families, and high schools across the United… (read more)

In this brochure, the FBI addresses threats students may encounter when traveling abroad and provides tips for avoiding unsafe situations. Topics covered include: telephone, laptop & PDA security; before you go; during your stay; and upon your return.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Pennsylvania State University developed this no-cost, online training module for campus safety officers, law enforcement officers, victim advocates, chaplains, medical examiners, hospital personnel and anyone else who may have to deliver a death notification. The We Regret to Inform You training curriculum is built around a four-step process: plan,… (read more)

The FBI provides operational, behaviorally-based threat assessment and threat management services to help detect and prevent acts of targeted violence, helping academic, mental health, business, community, law enforcement, and government entities recognize and disrupt potential active shooters who may be on a trajectory toward violence. This web page provides access to FBI and other resources as… (read more)

This guide provides recommendations in the development of plans to respond to an emergency and outlines how Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) can plan for preventing, protecting against, mitigating the impact of and recovering from emergencies. The guide translates lessons learned from the Administration's work on national preparedness to IHEs. The guide introduces new approaches to… (read more)

The guide provides recommendations in the development of plans not only to respond to an emergency, but also outlines how organizations can plan for preventing, protecting against, mitigating the impact of and recovering from these emergencies. It translates lessons learned from the Administration's work on national preparedness to the school, IHE, and house of worship contexts, ensuring that… (read more)