Displaying 1 - 39 of 39
A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States Between 2000 and 2013
Abstract: In 2014, the FBI initiated a study of active shooter incidents with the goal to provide federal, state, and local law enforcement with data so they can better understand how to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from these incidents. As a... (read more)
Publication Date: 2014
A Study of the Pre-Attack Behaviors of Active Shooters in the United States Between 2000 and 2013
Abstract: The FBI's objective for this initiative was to examine specific behaviors that may precede an attack and which might be useful in identifying, assessing, and managing those who may be on a pathway to deadly violence. By articulating the concrete,... (read more)
Publication Date: 2018
Across the Universe? A Comparative Analysis of Violent Behavior and Radicalization Across Three Offender Types with Implications for Criminal Justice Training and Education
Abstract: This report examined whether any differences exist between lone actor terrorists and mass murderers. Using a series of bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses, researchers compared demographic, psychological and offense-related behavioral... (read more)
Publication Date: 2016
Active Shooter Awareness Guidance
Abstract: Active shooter situations are unpredictable and evolve quickly. Typically, the immediate deployment of law enforcement is required to stop the shooting and mitigate harm to victims. Because active shooter situations are often over within 10 to 15 minutes... (read more)
Publication Date: 2016
Active Shooter Event: Quick Reference Guide
Abstract: An active shooter is an individual who is engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area; in most cases, active shooters use firearms(s) and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims. This is a quick... (read more)
Publication Date:
Active Shooter Incidents
Abstract: The FBI provides operational, behaviorally-based threat assessment and threat management services to help detect and prevent acts of targeted violence, helping academic, mental health, business, community, law enforcement, and government entities... (read more)
Publication Date:
Active Shooter Incidents in the United States in 2014 and 2015
Abstract: This is an addendum to the FBI's study of active shooter incidents from 2000 to 2013. An analysis of 2014 and 2015 active shooter incidents has identified 20 incidents in each of the years. The methodology to identify incidents is the same as articulated... (read more)
Publication Date: 2016
Active Shooter Poster
Abstract: How to respond when an active shooter is in your vicinity.
Publication Date:
Active Shooter/Hostile Event (ASHE) Guide
Abstract: The foundation of any Active Shooter/Hostile Event (ASHE) program is a comprehensive plan. A comprehensive ASHE plan provides a framework for developing and implementing specific procedures including training and exercising your capability, equipping... (read more)
Publication Date: 2016
Active Shooter: How to Respond
Abstract: How to respond when an active shooter is in your vicinity.
Publication Date:
Active Shooter: Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigation
Abstract: The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) defines an active shooter as an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area. In its definition, DHS notes that, in most cases, active shooters use firearms... (read more)
Publication Date: 2012
Active Threat Response Training Resources
Abstract: Given the increasing number and consistency of active shooter incidents, thousands of first responders, including police/law enforcement, campus public safety officials, and security officers, have undertaken active shooter or active threat trainings.... (read more)
Publication Date: 2016
Attacks on Federal Government 2001-2013: Threat Assessment Considerations
Abstract: Ensuring the continuous operation of government and the safety of the personnel and citizens who enter government facilities on a daily basis is an essential part of securing our homeland. To enhance prevention efforts in this area, the U.S. Secret... (read more)
Publication Date: 2015
Bringing Calm to Chaos
Abstract: On December 2, 2015, at 10:59 AM, the Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California, came under attack. Many of the lessons learned during the response to the attack tie into the principles of community policing and continue to build on the body... (read more)
Publication Date: 2016
Buildings and Infrastructure Protections Series: Primer to Design Safe School Projects in Case of Terrorist Attacks and School Shootings
Abstract: This is a second edition of a publication known as FEMA 428 that provides the design community and school administrators with the basic principles and techniques to design a school that is safe from potential physical attacks and, at the same time,... (read more)
Publication Date: 2012
Campus Attacks: Targeted Violence Affecting Institutions of Higher Education
Abstract: This report provides an assessment of 272 incidents of violence that affected institutions of higher education (IHE) in the United States between 1909 and 2008. The report offers perspectives on key aspects of targeted violence at IHEs and provides a... (read more)
Publication Date: 2010
Campus Safety at Oregon Post-Secondary Education Institutions: A Report from the Oregon Campus Safety Work Group
Abstract: Following the tragic shooting at Umpqua Community College in 2015, the Oregon Campus Safety Work Group (OCSWG) was formed to identify resource needs and potential state policies that enable a coordinated strategy across the higher education system for... (read more)
Publication Date: 2016
Campus Safety: Assessing and Managing Threats
Abstract: This article offers threat assessment and management strategies to address the increased demands faced by campus law enforcement, mental health, and administration officials who assess and manage threats, perhaps several simultaneously.
Publication Date: 2010
Comprehensive Testing of Imminent Threat of Public Messages for Mobile Devices
Abstract: This project sought to determine the optimized message contents of imminent threat wireless emergency alert (WEA) messages delivered over mobile communication devices. This report presents findings for the first WEA messages disseminated about imminent... (read more)
Publication Date: 2014
Conducting Security Assessments: A Guide for Schools and Houses of Worship Virtual Roundtable Resources
Abstract: This resource document provides several publications and web resources on a variety of security topics to include targeted attacks, managing threatening situations, creating safe school climates, security assessments, and the Roundtable presentation.
Publication Date: 2013
File: Security_Assessments.pdf
Enhancing School Safety Using a Threat Assessment Model: An Operational Guide for Preventing Targeted School Violence
Abstract: When incidents of school violence occur, they leave a profound and lasting impact on the school, the community, and our nation as a whole. Ensuring safe environments for elementary and secondary school students, educators, administrators, and others is... (read more)
Publication Date: 2018
FEMA Academia & Resilience
Abstract: The Academia & Resilience web page provides links, tools, training and resources for the higher education community including campus security, campus emergency managers, higher education faculty and administrators and college students.
Publication Date: 2019
First Responder Guide for Improving Survivability in Improvised Explosive Device and/or Active Shooter Incidents
Abstract: Recent improvised explosive device (IED) and active shooter incidents reveal that some traditional practices of first responders need to be realigned and enhanced to improve survivability of victims and the safety of first responders caring for them.... (read more)
Publication Date: 2015
Guidance to First Responders for the Active Assailant Incident
Abstract: The goal of this document is to provide guidance and share best practices to local officials on planning, training, equipping (including personal protective equipment (PPE), as well as the stages of response and recovery. It includes recommendations on... (read more)
Publication Date: 2014
Just In Time Disaster Training - Library
Abstract: The purpose of this on-line video library is to provide a single, easy to search source in which individuals, agencies and organizations can access Just In Time Disaster Training videos. The videos found in this library cover disaster related mitigation... (read more)
Publication Date:
Making Prevention a Reality: Identifying, Assessing, and Managing the Threat of Targeted Attacks
Abstract: This guide is the culmination of nearly two years of work following a 2015 gathering of multidisciplinary experts and the FBI's Behavioral Analysis Unit. The purpose of this gathering was to discuss solutions to reduce attacks such as mass shootings and... (read more)
Publication Date: 2017
Mass Attacks Defense Toolkit
Abstract: RAND researchers created this tool to advance efforts to prevent and reduce intentional, interpersonal firearm violence and public mass attacks in the United States. The goal of this tool is to provide practical strategies and guidance on deterring,... (read more)
Publication Date: 2022
URL: Mass Attacks Defense
Mass Attacks in Public Spaces - 2017
Abstract: Between January and December 2017, 28 incidents of mass attacks, during which three or more persons were harmed, were carried out in public places within the United States. These acts violated the safety of the places we work, learn, shop, relax, and... (read more)
Publication Date: 2018
Mass Murder with Firearms: Incidents and Victims, 1999-2013
Abstract: This report analyzes mass shootings for a 15-year period (1999-2013). CRS analysis of the FBI Supplementary Homicide Reports dataset and other research indicates that offenders committed at least 317 mass shootings, murdered 1,554 victims, and non-... (read more)
Publication Date: 2015
Options for Consideration: Active Shooter Preparedness
Abstract: Options for Consideration demonstrates possible actions to take if confronted with an active shooter scenario. The video also shows how to assist authorities once law enforcement enters the scene.
Publication Date: 2015
Prior Knowledge of Potential School-Based Violence: Information Students Learn May Prevent a Targeted Attack
Abstract: This study aimed to further the prevention of targeted school-based attacks by exploring how students with prior knowledge of attacks made decisions regarding what steps, if any, to take after learning the information. The study also sought to identify... (read more)
Publication Date: 2008
Responding to an Active Shooter Event: First Officer Considerations
Abstract: This VALOR webinar was held on August 16, 2016. Participants learned about active shooter events and considerations that law enforcement officers should be aware of when responding to an active shooter event. Leading experts from the Advanced Law... (read more)
Publication Date: 2016
Review of the University of Arizona’s Safety and Security Environment
Abstract: "On October 5, 2022, a respected professor and community leader, Dr. Thomas Meixner, was shot and killed in the John W. Harshbarger (“Harshbarger”) building by the alleged suspect (“the Subject”), a former University of Arizona graduate student.
On... (read more)
Publication Date: 04/24/2023
School Shooters info
Abstract: SchoolShooters.info is a compendium of documents relating to a wide range of active shooter incidents in educational settings. The purpose of this site is to help prevent school shootings and to provide insight into the perpetrators of large-scale school... (read more)
Publication Date:
URL: School Shooters info
SMU Active Threat Video
Abstract: Recognized as CSHEMA's 2023 Marketing Single Media Award for a Small School, this video outlines the "Avoid, Deny, Defend" survival method, a national model that SMU has adopted to educate our campus. The tactics shown in this video are the result of in-... (read more)
Publication Date: 04/16/2021
Strategic Approaches to Preventing Multiple Casualty Violence: Report on the National Summit on Multiple Casualty Shootings
Abstract: The American public has expressed increasing alarm over incidents of multiple casualty violence. While the law enforcement community has progressed in advancing training in the tactical response to incidents, there are significant gaps in strategies... (read more)
Publication Date: 2013
The Final Report and Findings of the Safe School Initiative: Implications for the Prevention of School Attacks in the U.S.
Abstract: An extensive examination of 37 incidents of targeted school violence that occurred in the United States from December, 1974 through May, 2000.
Publication Date: 2002
The Police Response to Active Shooter Incidents
Abstract: "There have been many active shooter incidents in the United States since Columbine, and police agencies continue to modify their policies and training to reflect the lessons that are learned from each new tragedy. This report summarizes the state of the... (read more)
Publication Date: 2014
Threat Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Managing Threatening Situations and to Creating Safe School Climates
Abstract: This publication is the product of an ongoing collaboration between the Secret Service and the Department of Education. The focus is on the use of the threat assessment process pioneered by the Secret Service as one component of the Department of... (read more)
Publication Date: 2002